ekpe society cameroon

The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. Google Scholar Aye, E. A. James Beale Horton made a similar assertion in 1868 where he asserted that all the communities of the Niger-delta are traced to the Igbo. [52] The missionaries respected the native law but the European Captains acted rashly and desired that an example be set on Obutong. African Script - Culture - Nigeria The designs are part of a dynamic language known as nsibidi, which uses image and gestural performance to communicate knowledge guarded by society members. In part because of their appropriation, exclusive use, and understanding of nsibidi, Ekpe members in the pre-colonial past were thought to have access to the spiritual realm and were, therefore, empowered to make and enforce societal rules and norms. Due to the Obutong massacre of 1765 and several other incidents, the Ekpe society of Old Calabar was transformed into the Abaku cult in Cuba, the Bonk cult in Bioko and the Abakuya dance in mainland Equatorial Guinea. This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. As a child, Sunjata at first looks unpromising because: In one of the most dramatic episodes in the Sunjata Epic, Sunjata first begins to demonstrate his extraordinary abilities when he: avenges an insult to his mother by uprooting a tree and placing it in front of her house. Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African [52] The breach of agreement to halt such practices was punished by blowing Ekpe on Obutong and forbidding funeral rites of the chief until the murderers were brought to justice. [32] The men were wet and complained of hunger and fatigue. [53] Aphrom was a corruption of Ephraim which was an anglicised form of the Efik name Efiom. Sunjata's aunt, Tenenba Conde, childless herself, must raise the child Fakoli, son of Kosiya Kante, after Kosiya sacrifices herself for her brother's sake. Determine the meaning of the italicized word in each sentence by examining the context. The indigenous drums of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon are distinctive for their "wedge and ring" method of tightening the skin. PDF Evaluating the Place of the Ekpe Traditional Institution as a - CORE Working with both kp and Abaku leaders, he has documented the foundation of the society in 19th . Read More mask The first letter of the word is correctly written as "" and denotes plurality. [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. Updates? (b) Analyze Cause and Effect: What events prevent their success? [79] Ikpaya a royal type of gown also made from raffia. [12], The Efik were noted for their involvement in the slave trade were they acted as slave traders and middlemen between the inland slave traders and the Europeans. [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. According to Asuquo, Asibong Eso of Obutong was Old King Robin; Ekpenyong Efa of Adiabo was King John; Ani Eniang Nkot of Mbiabo Ikoneto was Robin King Agbisherea; Oku Ukpong Eton Ani of Mbiabo Ikot Offiong was William King Agbisherea; while Ukorebi Neneng Esien Ndem Ndem of Obomitiat Ikoneto was King Ebrero[55]. The Ekale and their famous shaking shoulders performing at the "Under the Volcano Festival", Limbe Cameroon. [67] As of 1877, Alexander Ross reported that thirteen towns in the Cameroon region speak Efik and had an aggregate population of about 22,000. The kp ("leopard") society represents an ancient African institution that provided the supreme functions of governance in the communal societies of the forest regions of the Cross-River basin and the hilly terrain to the east, in what is called today southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. The Sunjata Epic is usually understood to tell the story of: the rise and fall of the seven Nubian (Kushite) kings. The images, ideology, and secrecy associated with kp have been studied for more than one hundred years, and yet crucial features of the history of kp and its transformation have been neglected. Ethnographic - (Mask, Elephant, Cape, Chicken Feather); Elephant Mask with Chicken Feather Cape, Bekom People, Cameroon. expectations of the members to prioritize the group over their own families. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. [47] Antia Ekot Otong is regarded as one of the descendants of the patriarch Otong Ama Ide. [11] Ibonda (an Efut clan) has sometimes been appended to Adiabo as one of the seven Efik clans. Simple theme. Hope Waddell, Samuel Edgerley and four others. The group believes that when they eat human flesh, they gain the ability to transform into a crocodile. Resume: La communaure cubaine Abakua-descendantedes communautes :EB:k Ekpe et Ejagham ~gbedu Sud Est du Nigeria etdu Sud Ouest du Cameroun-a ete fondee ala Havane dans les annees 1830 par des leaders captures des villages de Cross River. Worn as personal wrappers during initiations and at social events, ukara cloth distinguishes Ekpe members. [26] Essien points out that Atakpor Uruan Inyang is one of the Efik deities and asserts that among the Uruan exists the saying "Ke Ndem Efik Iboku, Atakpor ke Ekuk", which can be interpreted to mean "Where there is the Efik deity, there is also Atakpor Uruan to share with it. [50] Okoho Efiom bore twins whose paternal parentage have often been debated. One-word searches work best.Use AND to require multiple terms: LEFT Small ukara with minute patterned design and Omu Aro symbol. I was very poorno job and I has no money to even feed and take care of myfamily I was confuse in life I dont know what to do I try allmy possible best to get money but no one work out for meeach day I share tears, I was just looking out my family nomoney to take care of them until one day I decided to jointhe great Illuminati , I come across them in the internet Inever believe I said let me try I email them.all what theysaid we happen in my life just started it was like a dream tome they really change my story totally . The Internet has shone light on manysecret societies, rendering them not so secret. In its vastness, the Ekpe is a well structured society with semi-caste characteristics, in that, there are categories and titles which one may qualify to be initiated into, while others are strictly reserved for persons of certain status and backgrounds. Among these secret societies were Ekpe, Obon and Nsibidi. [12] Due to the support of the missionaries, the Efik language became the language of religion. Omissions? Aye provides the following names among these priest-kings including Ema Atai Iboku, Ekpe Atai Iboku, Ukpong Atai Iboku. AHR ~ 125 Ekpe Society - Odinani: The Sacred Arts & Sciences of the Igbo People Several theories have been propounded on the origin of the word. Iwewe is a type of boiled yam mashed with a small amount of palm oil and stirred with a spoon. I bought a $140,000 mobile home in a million-dollar LA neighborhood and love it. Ivor Miller - AfroCubaWeb Miller's current book, Voice of the Leopard (UP of Mississippi, 2008), documents the little known history of the Cuban Abaku, a mutual-aid institution derived from the Ekpe (leopard) society of the Cross River region of Nigeria and Cameroon. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the [37] When the Efik realised what was going on, they rose to their feet and fought back. quickly adapted to fulfil other economic and civil functions. [32] Another theory states that there was a disagreement between an Efik woman known as Abasi and an Uruan woman. But, Ekpe in the course of the colonial period underwent a wide range of fundamental changes in their structure, roles, status . The persistence oftheAbakua society contradicts the official construction ofa Cuban national identity. . Animals such as goats, chicken and dogs are consumed in Efik cuisine. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. [52] These atrocities angered the missionaries and European captains alike. Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. The design is left to the discretion of the Ezillo creators, who are not Ekpe members and do not know the meanings of nsibidi. Ekpe means leopard, not lion. The Ekpe-men are ranked in seven or nine grades, for promotion to each of which fresh initiation ceremonies, fees and oaths are necessary.[1]. Also i want bomb and shell. In the culture we have discussed, the term jamu refers to: each person's family name, which connects the person to a famous character in the story of Sunjata. This site uses cookies to help personalize content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. Ukara are made exclusively for members of the Ekpe society, an interethnic men's association found throughout southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. In a Somali tale, the main character, Eghal Shillet, is: a braggart and coward who finds every possible excuse to avoid going into battle. Several accounts have been given on the migration from Creek town to Obutong. Alternate titles: Egbo, Ekpo, Leopard society. Today, it is no longer the same Ekpe society of decades ago. The presentation, by Ekpe members from Cameroon, Nigeria and Cuba was arranged by Chief Dr. Ivor Miller and coordinated by Sessekous Ojong-Orock, Joseph Mbu and Mbe Tazi. Some meals have been mentioned often in the 19th century historical literature of Old Calabar. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . The story of The River Between by Ngugi wa Thiong'o, takes place in _________________ (name of present-day country) in the mid 1800's. PDF (PDF) Lalimentazione In Ostaggio Le Mani Delle Multinazionali Su Quel The Decline of Ekpe Masquerade amongst the Efik Speakers Prior to Akak, the theory were proposed at the Hart's enquiry by Chief Offiong Abasi Ntiero Effiwatt and Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku.[25][26]. Colonial Anthropologist M.D.W. Another account claimed that Efik people introduced the Ekpe between 1720 and 1729 during the initial migration of Calabar. Formerly the society earned a bad reputation due to what the British viewed as the barbarous customs that were intermingled with its rites. After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. In the Song of Ocol, Lawino's husband gives his side, arguing that: Ocol throws Lawino out of his house because: Ocol says that "__________________________ are chains around the neck, chains of slavery". Among the earliest proponents of the Ibibio origin theory are Consul Hutchinson who stated, "The present inhabitants of Duke town, Old town and Creek town are descendants of the Egbo shary or Ibibio tribe up the Cross River. The Efik people are well known for a diverse number of cuisines. Nair dates the arrival of the Efik towards the end of the seventeenth century or the beginning of the eighteenth century. I am manyang Mathilda Nkwo of Akiriba village , upperbanyang and I am and still is oneof the oldest living practing manyangero in Manyu. A fraternal society that emerged in the western culture between the 16th and 7th century. In this light, the Cameroon National Council of Traditional Rulers would be a welcomed . A delegation of kp 'leopard' society initiates, as well as family members, traveled from Mamfe, Manyu Division of southwest Cameroon, to Yaound, the Cameroon capital to honor and reclaim the body of their leader and father, who had recently transited to the ancestors. an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. Now we can't sell slaves again we must have too much man for country; and want something for make work and trade, and if we could get seed for cotton and coffee we could make trade. [69] The Ekpe spirit cannot be seen by the uninitiated and is represented by Idem Iquo, a masquerade dressed in Esk, a multicoloured costume decorated with other traditional accoutrements. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors ( ikan ). The Ekpe society had become, by the time Antera Duke began his diary in 1785, the Efik's primary socio-political institution. PDF The Origin of Ekpe Masquerade and the Nsibidi symbols in Southern [26][28] This theory was narrated at the Hart's enquiry by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku but has been criticised by Uruan writers such as Dominic Essien. Two nations; one language, culture - Daily Trust Another theory which is narrated by Forde and Jones states that the name "Efik" translates to "Tyrants" or "He who oppresses" and was the name of which the Efik called themselves after they had settled at Creek town.[12]. Objects and images in the exhibition courtesy of Dr. Eli Bentor. History of the Ekpe masquerade and secret society of the Efik people Ralph Lauren on Twitter It is also used by the Igbo and Efik. of Bamum, of Cameroon in his kingly attire seated on the throne with his chiefs flanked round him (Plate 2). During weddings, the bride wears at least two different nyny. [61] These papers were signed by the reigning monarchs of Creek town and Duke town who were Eyo Honesty II and Eyamba V.[61] King Eyamba and King Eyo had written letters to the British requesting that they bring in teachers to teach them trade and commerce and missionaries to aid them to know more about God. a king whose attempts to have a special son lead him to make bargains with one Islamic missionary and two noble travelers. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. The Ekpe is a men's society found in Abiriba, Aro-chukwu, Ohafia and many other Bende communities in Igbo land, it is a variation of the important Egbo Ejagham ( Ekoi) in the Upper Cross-River as well as the Efik Ekpe Society of Calabar. After World War II, a movement called the _____ Movement was founded by such writers as Leopold Sedar Senghor and Leon Damas, to support using Western literary forms, while writing in African languages. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. [45] internal dissensions and population expansion led to the movement of several families from Creek Town to Obutong, Atakpa, Nsidung and Ekoretonko. The term igo has also been used for the organization's members. [41] Latham hypothesizes that the Efik may have arrived before the middle of the seventeenth century. And it's a symbol in both. [49] The Enwang are believed to have ruled Atakpa for a number of years. Hope Waddell, Foreign commerce soon brought Calabar affairs into such a state, that the want of a bond of union among the different families, and of a supreme authority to enforce peace and order between equals and rivals, became apparent; and the Egbo institution was adopted. Letters were also sent by King Eyo Honesty II to introduce missionaries and technocrats into the country with emphasis on the latter. Abakua is an Afro-Cuban mens secret society related to the Ekpe. Upon leaving the Cameroon territory, the Ibibio arrived at their present location following two major directions. No disrespect allowed. Refworld | Nigeria: A cult known as Ekpe na Mboko through the Illuminati Iwas able to become rich, and have many industry on myown and become famous and popular in my country , todayme and my family is living happily and I am the mosthappiest man here is the opportunity for you to join theIlluminati and become rich and famous in life and be likeother people and you life we be change totally.If you areinterested in joining the great brotherhood Illuminati.thencontact him +2348106618681 or for more information +1(705)8062021 email:illuminatibrotherpowerful@gmail.com or you need my assistance email:danjerry04@gmail.com Shame to the Manyu people and great men o Manyu, that you as enlightened as I know will willfully distort a tradition that back dates as long as 400 to 800hundred. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, in the southern part of Cross River State. The term "Calabar people" was particularly popular prior to the nineteenth century and was synonymous to the Efik.[6]. Collection of Eli Bentor. ""Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating - NSUWorks Ekpe society | African secret society | Britannica What role does religion play in society today? The tentative program is as follows: January 27th and 28th, 2012. To be a member, one must be a part of Yoruba nobility. The Social Significance and Implications of the Ekpe - PhilArchive They believed feasting on a human strengthened their bonds. According to Simmons, "Most Informants maintain that the first people to Inhabit Creek Town were Efut fishermen from the southern Cameroons. The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". In such cases, the Ekpe Society is seen as the . cherryblossom wrote on WARRIOR's profile. [66] Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. Ekpe - Wikipedia After the Efik had settled at Ikpa Ene, a party of men from Uruan arrived at Ikpa Ene. It is uncertain when Obutong was founded but most Efik scholars hypothesize that it was founded in the 16th century. Flashlight on drama & film : a drama for situation analysis guide Eli Bentor, Professor of Art History at Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, speaks about the history of ukara cloth and moderates a discussi. Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. At Creek town, the Efik ruler was Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo who had a number of children including Nsa Efiom, Edem Efiom, Okoho Efiom and Odo Efiom. One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . Ibibio - People in southern Nigeria - Native Breed.org Gelede Egbe: Yoruba Women's Sacred Society. [59] Ekpe is first mentioned in the historical literature of Old Calabar in the 1770s. ekpe society cameroonworld market toblerone. It proved to be the source of supreme authority in all Efik towns, and its institutions provided, in the past, the highest court whose verdicts transcended all else. It was worth every penny and made me feel like a kid again. [33][35] The Efik came to her defence and the dispute escalataed[34] Legend has it that this was the last straw that led to the Uruan-Efik war (known in Efik as Ek Abasi-Anwan) which led to the exit of the Efik from the Uruan country. Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. This is UKARA cloth used by the Ekpe society in a handful of places in Nigeria, Cameroon The symbols are nisbidi You even scanned the raffia marks left from resist dyeing I hope you won't sue the owners in future! [34], On leaving the Uruan country, the Efik migrated to Ikpa Ene which is nicknamed Akani Obio Efik(English: Old Efik island). Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see.

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