Chancellor Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Gring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of political extrajudicial executions . [76], According to Albert Speer, "the Right, represented by the President, the Minister of Justice, and the generals, lined up behind Hitler the strong left wing of the party, represented chiefly by the SA, was eliminated. Nov 3, 2012 - Explore S o l s h e i 's board "Yay, it's Friday! The Night of the Long Knives involved the violent purge of certain members of the Nazi Party from June 30th to July 2nd in 1934. Night of the Long Knives | Date, Victims, Summary, & Facts It's helped us to become more accustomed to acts of grim self-interested political butchery; but for those witnessing these events as they happened, they were simply unprecedented. However, to gain power Adolf Hitler built up a close and friendly relationship with Germany's industrialists. The Night Of The Long Knives. During a trip to Warsaw in January 1935, Gring told Jan Szembek that Schleicher had urged Hitler in January 1933 to reach an understanding with France and the Soviet Union, and partition Poland with the latter, and Hitler had Schleicher killed out of disgust with the alleged advice. During the years of the rise of the Nazi Party, the SA had been instrumental in helping the party to gain support. In reality, the laws that the Nazis put forward secured their future as the sole ruling party in Germany. July 14-20, 1934 News articles, editorials, opinion pieces, letters-to-the-editor, and . Gestapo officers attached to the SS unit shot Papen's secretary Herbert von Bose without bothering to arrest him first. The Night of the Long Knives. [68] Hammerstein, who was a close friend of Schleicher, had been much offended at Schleicher's funeral when the SS refused to allow him to attend the service and confiscated the wreaths that the mourners had brought. [4] The violent confrontations between the two contributed to the destabilization of the Weimar Republic. Wiskemann, Elizabeth, "The Night of the Long Knives", This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 06:34. persecution Whilst the purge focused on the SA, the Nazis also used the event to eliminate other political opponents, such as the former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher. Hitler told the crowd that "undisciplined and disobedient characters and asocial or diseased elements" would be annihilated. [29], In preparation for the purge, both Himmler and Heydrich assembled a dossier of manufactured evidence to suggest that Rhm had been paid 12 million (EUR 29.1million in 2023) by France to overthrow Hitler. Germany feared revolution. By early 1934, this vision directly conflicted with Hitler's plan to consolidate power and expand the Reichswehr. The SS was moving into position for the first of its many deadly tasks. The SA were the thugs who Hitler had used to help him come to power. The Night of the Long Knives - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. A few weeks after the purge, Hitler rewarded the SS . Hitler used the SS and the Army to kill the SA on the Night of the Long knives, and doing so helped him to win them over as it showed his preference for them over the thug-like Stormtroopers. The Night of the Long Knives (in addition to Hindenburgs deatha few months later) helped Hitler and the Nazi Party to consolidate absolute power in Germany by removing their political opposition. The message of the cartoon "They Salute with Both Hands Now" is that in the Night of the Long Knives, Hitler turned on his previously loyal supporters, the SA, in order to consolidate his position by eliminating the threat of Ernst Rohm and the SA and winning over the Army. The Nazis used the SA and the newly expanded SS to harass and imprison any potential opponents of the Nazi Party. [18], Finally, in early 1934, the growing rift between Rhm and Hitler over the role of the SA in the Nazi state led former chancellor General Kurt von Schleicher to start playing politics again. Because their plans for the army conflicted, Rhm's success could come only at Hitler's expense. [63] During a meeting with Polish Ambassador Jzef Lipski on 22 May 1935, Hitler told Lipski that Schleicher was "rightfully murdered, if only because he had sought to maintain the Rapallo Treaty. The speed and scale of the reshuffle caused it to be associated by its critics with the 1934 Night of the Long Knives in Nazi Germany.. The Nazis had the support of the DNVP, and had banned the communist party, the KPD, from attending. Adolf Hitler was in a furious temper when his flight touched down in Munich at 4.30am on 30 June 1934. The Censorship is really evident when . This betrayal is seen by the image of SA members looking fearful in . Despite this, on the whole, Gleichschaltung was largely successful. The Night of the Long Knives was "an act of carnage" which had come out of the blue. In 1928, the popular Nazi song "Wetzt die langen Messer" (English: Sharpen the long knives) encourages the mass murder of Jewish people and the desecration of Synagogues (seemingly equating their own tactics with the treacherous Anglo-Saxons). The SA (sometimes known as the "Stormtroopers" or "Brownshirts") was the paramilitary organization of the Nazi Party that played a key role in the Nazi . Rhm Affair | Holocaust Encyclopedia The Night of the Long Knives, which was originally published in Amazing Science Fiction Stories in 1960, feels surprisingly current the character names are the most dated-feeling aspect of the story. Grtner also declared in cabinet that the measure did not in fact create any new law, but simply confirmed the existing law. British cartoon by David Low, 1934. On the 31 January 1933, Hitler, conscious of his lack of a majority in the Reichstag, immediately called for new elections to try and strengthen his position. Hitler announced to those present that the SA would act as an auxiliary to the Reichswehr, not the other way around. On the 4 October 1933, it was declared that all editors must be Aryan. It did not escape Klemperer's notice that many of the victims had played a role in bringing Hitler to power. One moment in a twelve-year history of the Third Reich that is underappreciated is the Night of the Long Knives, also known as the Rhm Purge, at the end of June 1934. Hitler announced that he would occupy this new role. By the end of May 1934, Hitler had been chancellor for 16 . In the judicial system specifically, this act removed any judges that were deemed non-compliant with Nazi laws or principles. , However, following Hitler being elected chancellor, the SA, and particularly Rhm, were keen to continue the revolution and replace the traditional conservative elite with Nazis. "[35] Having heard nothing in the allotted time, they returned to Rhm's cell at 14:50 to find him standing, with his bare chest puffed out in a gesture of defiance. On the 23 March 1933, Hitler proposed the Enabling Law to the Reichstag. Only the SPD opposed it. Night of the Long Knives (Classroom Activity) - Spartacus Educational Hold me on this night of the long knives Hold me on this night of the long knives It's coming (Shame about your neighbourhood) It's coming (Shame about your neighbourhood) There's a flood on the street, there's a tide and it's coming in now Yet the concrete burns at the back of your skull And they're saying it's a wave but it feels like a . They had placed many in the first [27] While von Papen's resignation as vice-chancellor would not have threatened Hitler's position, it would have nonetheless been an embarrassing display of independence from a leading conservative. A copy of the original film, before Rhm was edited out, was found in the 1980s in the German Democratic Republic's film archives. The bottom half of the poster reads The more power you give Hitler, the easier he will win and the more independent you make him from the parties that led the people to where they are today. Many of the prisoners were tortured and abused. Many of those killed in the purge were leaders of the SA, the best-known being Rhm himself, the SA's chief of staff and one of Hitler's longtime supporters and allies. Hitler did not exercise absolute power, however, despite his swift consolidation of political authority. "[67] The extent of the massacre and the relative ubiquity of the Gestapo, however, meant that those who disapproved of the purge generally kept quiet about it. Hitler ordered the murders of conspicuous Conservative anti-Nazis such as Kurt Von Schleicher and Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Left wing Nazis such as Gregor Strasser and many members of the SA including its leader Ernst Rohm. Terror and intimidation became one of the main ways that the Nazis sought to control or suppress their opposition, and Germans in general. [35] Goebbels emphasised this aspect in subsequent propaganda justifying the purge as a crackdown on moral turpitude. Rhm left the Reichswehr in 1923 and later became commander of the SA. Study the Source "They Salute with Both Hands Now". What is the [41] Several leaders of the disbanded Catholic Centre Party were also murdered in the purge. David Low responded to what became known as the Night of the Long Knives by producing a cartoon that deeply angered Hitler. July 13th 1962: The Night of the Long Knives - Politics.co.uk Although President Hindenburg and the Reichstag continued to exist, Hitler could now govern by decree. This handbook will help you plan your study time, beat procrastination, memorise the info and get your notes in order. Opposition from outside the Nazi party was being strangled Communists were banned and concentration camps set up. One key example of an event posed as moderate was the Night of Long Knives. Leading members of the leftist-leaning Strasserist faction of the Nazi Party, including its leader Gregor Strasser, were also killed, as were establishment conservatives and anti-Nazis, such as former Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher and Bavarian politician Gustav Ritter von Kahr, who had helped suppress Hitler's Munich Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. You gave these parties 14 years to ruin Germany! Most of those killed were members of the "Storm Troopers" (SA) (German: Sturmabteilung). The caption They salute with both hands now is a joke about the Nazi salute. The widows of the murdered SA leaders received between 1,000 and 1,600 marks a month, depending on the rank of the murdered person.

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